Soil organic matter refers to the decomposed plant and animal materials, as well as microorganisms, that are found in soil. It plays a crucial role in soil health and fertility, as it provides nutrients for plants and helps improve soil structure and moisture retention. Research in this area focuses on understanding the processes involved in the formation, decomposition, and stabilization of organic matter in soil, as well as the impact of agricultural practices, land use changes, and climate change on soil organic matter levels. Scientists also study how soil organic matter contributes to carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emissions, and overall ecosystem functioning. By better understanding soil organic matter, researchers aim to develop sustainable soil management practices that can help improve crop productivity, mitigate climate change, and protect natural ecosystems.